Представление оперы хуанмэй в Шанхае, сюжет «Девушка — зять императора»

Опера хуанмэй (хуанмэйская опера) или напев хуанмэй (кит. трад. 黃梅戲 или 黃梅調, пиньинь: Huángméixì или Huángméidiào) - разновидность музыкально-исполнительского искусства, одна из форм традиционной китайской оперы?!, развившихся в юго-восточных китайских провинциях Хубэй и Аньхой. В настоящее время, как и другие виды китайской оперы, является постепенно угасающим традиционным жанром, усилия по поддержке и оживлению которого оказываются как независимыми коллективами, так и правительствами континентального Китая, Гонконга и Тайваня.

Особенности

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Неформальное исполнение хуанмэй

Вокал хуанмэй традиционно исполняется на аньцинском диалекте севернокитайского языка.

Музыка хуанмэй отличается от ряда других разновидностей китайской оперы большей простотой и, в то же время, мелодичностью, не похожей на подчеркиваемую цимбалами ритмичность, в частности, пекинской и кантонской опер.

Костюмы, используемые в хуанмэй, также, как правило, гораздо менее экстраваганты и символичны, чем в других разновидностях китайской оперы, что идет прослеживается из истории жанра, чаще исполнявшегося в прошлом не на сцене, а передвижными труппами. Редко или практически не используются такие классические атрибуты, например, пекинской и кантонской оперы, как "навесные" бороды, "знамёна" на плечах персонажа-полководца, "летящие рукава" и т.п. Основной упор делается на вокал, а не внешнюю атрибутику; в гонконгском варианте хуанмэй вообще ослаблена традиция использования характерного оперного костюма.

История жанра

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Жанр считается развившимся из народных песен сборщиков чая цайча (采茶, cǎichá) уезда Хуанмэй в долгом процессе, начавшемся около 200 лет назад. Формирование как полусценического/оперного жанра с различными амплуа исполнителей и характерными для них костюмами состоялось на рубеже XIX-XX веков в Аньцинском регионе ? соседствующей с Хубэем провинции Аньхой

Гонконг

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География стиля была значительно расширена его развитием с середины XX века в Гонконге, куда эмигрировало множество переселенцев из континентального Китая в 1950-х годах, в качестве части гонконгского кинематографа. Первыми гонконгскими фильмами в этом жанре были «Дяочань» (1958) и «Страна и красавица»?! (1959) с Линдой Линь Дай. Фильмами же, которые реально популяризовали жанр, в том числе, на западе, стали "Сон в красном тереме" (1962) и в особенности "Вечная любовь" (1963) по легенде о Лян Шаньбо и Чжу Интай[1] The audience was attracted by the rewritten music style which combined both Chinese and Western musical instruments The tempo was also livelier and faster than the traditional opera. During this period, many Huangmei films were made, evolving into various forms and combinations, which later included wuxia sword fights. Because the genre have such a heavy association with romance films like Love Eterne, it is sometimes preferred that the singing be done with a male and a female pair.

There have only been a handful of big name Huangmei tone artists in Hong Kong. Betty Loh Ti and Ivy Ling Po, Tsin Ting are some examples.

Примечания

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  1. Berry, Michael. [2005] (2005). Speaking in Images: Interviews with Contemporary Chinese Filmmakers. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-13330-8

Ссылки

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Сайты, посвящённые хуанмэй:

Литература

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  • The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Stage / Stanley Wells, Sarah Stanton (eds). — Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002. — P. 271-272. — 299 p. — ISBN 0-521-79295-9.
  • Yingjin Zhang, Zhiwei Xiao,. «Filmed stage performances» // Encyclopedia of Chinese Film. — Routledge / Taylor & Francis, 2002. — P. 167. — ISBN 0-415-15168-6.
  • Ruru Li,. Shashibiya: Staging Shakespeare in China. — Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2003. — P. 136-142. — 309 p. — ISBN 962-209-629-8.
  • Edwin W. Chen,. «Musical China, Classical Impressions: A Preliminary Study of Shaws' Huangmei Diao Film» // The Shaw screen: a preliminary study / Ain-ling Wong. — Hong Kong Leisure and Cultural Services Dept. Hong Kong Film Archive, 2003. — P. 51-74. — 444 p. — ISBN 9628050214, 9789628050215.
  • Peggy Chiao, Hsiung-ping Chiao,. «The Female Consciousness: The World of Signification and Safe Extramarital Affairs: A 40th Year Tribute to Love Eterne» // The Shaw screen: a preliminary study / Ain-ling Wong. — Hong Kong Leisure and Cultural Services Dept. Hong Kong Film Archive, 2003. — P. 75-86.
  • Colin Mackerras,. «Huangmeixi» // Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture / Edward L. Davis. — New York, NY: Routledge / Taylor & Francis, 2005. — P. 807-809. — ISBN 0-415-24129-4.
  • Chris Berry, Mary Ann Farquhar,. China on Screen: Cinema And Nation. — Columbia University Press, 2006. — P. 53. — 313 p. — ISBN 0-231-13706-0.
  • Siu Leung Li,. Cross-Dressing in Chinese Opera. — Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2006. — P. 111-130. — 295 p. — ISBN 962-209-832-0.
  • Nga Li Lam,. The Poetics and Sexual Politics of the Shaws' Huangmeidiao Films. — Hong Kong Baptist University, 2006. — 308 p.

Категория:Музыкальные жанры Категория:Музыка Китая Категория:Музыка Гонконга Категория:Кинематограф Гонконга

en: Huangmei opera it:Opera Huangmei ja:黄梅戯 sq:Opera Huang Mei zh:黄梅戏 zh-min-nan:N̂g-bôe-hì

Huangmei, formerly the Huangmei or tea-picking of play, is one of the top five Chinese operas, Anhui Province is the major operas, Hubei , Jiangxi , Fujian , Zhejiang , Jiangsu, and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and other places, as well as the Republic of China Taiwan also the Huangmei the professional or amateur performance groups, has been widely welcomed. Huangmei original Anqing City, Anhui Province, in the vicinity of the local opera, after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the rapid development of paired influential operas and famous overseas. 2006 the Huangmei selected the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage .

Art Features

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Huangmei Anqing dialect or Mandarin chant, singing simple and smooth, with a crisp lyrical known, has a wealth of expressive; Huangmei performances pristine and meticulous, said to real lively with. The Huangmei from folk, tastes, cheer Wyatt, her rich life and fresh local flavor infection audience. Early Huangmei repertoire, mostly drama the old artist Zibianziyan reflect the underlying civil life.

Performances

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line of business

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Huangmei line of business to have a niche, female role, clown , Zhengdan, older students, old and ugly, etc.. Huangmei line of business is not strictly divided.

Huangmei early «opera» (young male, young actresses putting), «opera» (young male and female role, clown).

workmanship

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Huangmei the work on the basis of their own development, drawing on some of the features of the Peking Opera , Kunqu , Sichuan opera and unique.

singing and tunes

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Huangmei style of singing is very rich in melody, features vary, based on their use of the range of expressions and musical content, or depending on the classification of its repertoire, equally divided into two categories. Reflect a variety of opera tunes for «the coloratura class»; reflect the original copy of the play tunes for the flat parts of speech.

Coloratura is a general term for to Huangmei all "two short plays and opera singing.  The Huangmei coloratura opera tune colorful predecessors artists long-term practice, collective wisdom.  They are a large part from the folk songs minor evolved, some of which itself is a folk tune.  So singing embodies the honest folk flavor and crisp breath of life, and maintained a very strong song and dance. 

Flat parts of speech, the basic belonging to Banqiang structure singing its generation later than the coloratura opera, but in its forms and manifestations breakthrough than the coloratura opera again and forward. The flat parts of speech «singing» word level, eight boards, Huogong, singing generally come from the private sector, «affections» on the board, crying plate, color cavity, two lines, three lines cents cavity, nether chamber and so on. " storytelling ", " Gao Qiang, "" Flower Drum cavity rap music.: libretto rigorous specification syntax, phonology distinct, more than ten words and seven words of the tunes sound orderliness fixed, free and easy rustic, structural integrity strong performance varied and based on the extension and development of a set of closely connected subsidiary singing tunes and more standardized conversion. «plate cavity singing, also known as the» parts of speech " singing flat parts of speech singing is precisely because it has rap these characteristics, so it plasticity strong, rich and expressive, often as a major aria repertoire preferred tunes and special singing, it is the the main cavity Department Huangmei Tune arts.

Musical Instruments

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The Huangmei main accompaniment instrument for gaohu.

Huangmei fancy, relative to the Peking Opera Kunqu more realistic.

In the repertoire, known as "drama thirty-six operas seventy-two fold. The drama mainly people of class oppression, the disparity between the rich and the poor in reality dissatisfaction and yearning for a better life of freedom. Such as «buckwheat mind» «divisions grain official», «Goddess Marriage». Most of the performance of short plays is a fragment of life of the rural workers, such as «points barley, cotton yarn spinning», "sell bucket baskets. Are listed as follows: " An Empress and the Warriors ", " The Butterfly Lovers ", " Goddess Marriage ", " Legend of Love ", " Huaiyin mind ", the female consort prince ", " husband and wife lanterns, playing pig grass willow wells ", " Blue Bridge ", " Lu Yu ", " Dragon love ", " Peach Blossom Fan, " Meng Lijun, " Tiannvsanhua, small resigned shop

The Huangmei formerly known as tea-picking opera, Huangmei originated of Huaining County Huangmei Mountain or Hubei Province Huangmei. Anhui Province, the main the local drama species, originated in Anqing City, Anhui Province the Wanjiang River Basin (Dabie Mountain area up to the border of Anhui and Hubei, down to Anhui Anqing Susong, Yuexi, Taihu, Wangjiang, hill, pregnant Ning, Anqing city, Zongyang, Tongcheng Anhui Chizhou, including the majority of the Wanjiang River Basin), and the final form of the full independent theatrical form was born in Anqing, growth in Anqing, flourished in Anqing area. Huangmei formerly known Huangmei pregnant chamber, or House tune, now the main stream cloth in Anqing City, Anhui Province and its surrounding areas. Huangmei grew up in the rural folk opera, hit seven singing after the one-man show, two small and three short plays, three, the orchestral accompaniment four stage, completed the first three stages in Hubei Huangmei floods due to successive years of Qianlong , Daoguang period, with flow significantly Huangmei victims to Anhui Anqing . The local language, rap music and the " emblem tune, " Gao Qiang "impact, enrich themselves, and gradually developed into operas with regional characteristics. Republic of China (1920), 2009 " Susong County first named "Huangmei.

Period Huangmei of the old society, often for the ruling class disdain, often regarded as "immoral, " "Flower Drum kinky play banned, not recorded in the annals of history, and the lack of written records can be funded traced. The period of the new China, a large number of young writers and workers Bashansheshui portrait of the private sector Huangmei sourcing. A result there were a large number of Huangmei folk artists alive, according to his teachers and experience, Huangmei formative years can be traced back to the Qing period, through a large number of historical data and word-of-mouth information confirms obtained Huangmei originated in Hubei Huangmei spread adjoining areas in Hubei , Jiangxi , Anhui, development consensus in Anqing, Anhui, and is widely used in books, Wang Zhaoxing dry the "the Huangmei music "and Lu Hung non Huangmei early history of exploration in this period ". Anhui has appeared since 2080, Anhui Tongcheng , The Huaining and Taihu said, and then later along with the Huangmei selected Ministry of Culture, the first batch of intangible cultural heritage, the controversy intensified, some people think that there are economic factors at work. Huangmei earliest source may Dabie Mountain area from the border of Anhui and Hubei (This point of view is more common). Legend of the Qing Dynasty, Qianlong period, Dabie tea-picking tune incoming adjacent Huaining County area, combined with the local folk art, Anqing dialect singing and read white, and gradually developed into a new operas, then called Huai cavity or pregnant tune This is the early Huangmei. Subsequently Huangmei learn from and absorb the the Qingyang cavity and emblem tone music, performances and repertoire, began performing the «drama». After Anqing Huangmei Anhui main local operas and nationally known operas, after more than a hundred years (in the early 19th century to the liberation of) the development,

Republican period

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This stage, the the Huangmei performances gradually professionalism took to the stage of the city from rural grass desk. Huangmei enter Anqing city, with opera in one class, and in Shanghai and Shaoxing opera, Yang opera, HuaiJu and from the north to the Pingju («bouncing drama») in the content and form of the performances from the great changes. Choreography, transplantation of a number of new repertoire, which even stage the play «text of the prime minister, Macro Pitt margin», «gorgeous edge», «bees in mind». Music, traditional singing reform to reduce the the virtual sound lining word of the old chamber, so crisp, smooth, singing audience easy to understand. Cancel the chime in, trial Huqin accompaniment. Performances absorption melting opera and other brothers operas, the program action, rich means of expression. Others, such as clothing, make-up and the stage is set, the developed than rural grass Taiwan.

After the liberation

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1952, Anqing Huangmei artist with " playing pig grass ", " Blue Bridge "and other operas to Shanghai to perform, critically acclaimed, and since then, Huangmei opera from Anqing place gradually grown into a national operas and famous exotic. Yan Fengying , Wang Shaofang " Goddess Marriage " co-star, has twice making it into a movie, a sensation at home and abroad, so that the film industry in Hong Kong and Taiwan over a period of time a large number of so-called "Huangmei movies. Which produced Hong Kong’s Shaw Brothers (Hong Kong) Limited is a typical director Li Han-hsiang led many Huangmei "movie. Representative: " Diao Chan ", " An Empress and the Warriors ", " phoenix nest ", " Adulteress ", " Jade River ". These "Huangmei movie for Huangmei the spread in Hong Kong and Taiwan and overseas has played a significant role in promoting. Until the 21st century, still when Huangmei (or with the Huangmei style), Hong Kong and Taiwan film interspersed with arias, such as Faye Wong , Tony Leung starring " Odyssey ".

Huangmei Opera Troupe of Anhui Province, and Anqing City for decades but also created a large number of actors, in addition to outstanding achievements on the the Huangmei concert art Yan Fengying , Wang Shaofang older generation of artists, young and middle-aged actor Malan , Han Fen , Wu Qiong succession stage on the screen and the TV screen shows the individual heroic, caused by the watchful eye of the audience.

After the liberation, Huangmei artists who have finishing the adaptation of the «Goddess Marriage», " female consort prince, "Ropa mind, " Zhao Guiying ", " motherly tears ", " Search country husband House "batch size traditional repertoire creation God drama " Legend of Love «, the historical drama» Criminal loss cut «modern opera» spring «, the» shop Chunzao, bud early opening. «Goddess Marriage» «female consort prince» and "Cowherd and Weaver have been the silver screen has had a greater impact at home and abroad.

During the Cultural Revolution

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Decade " Cultural Revolution ", let huangmei the brink of extinction. China Huangmei Masters Yan Fengying suicide being persecuted during the Cultural Revolution, only 38 years old. Army on behalf of death was also the pretext of looking for "spy transmitters, cut pipes, dug visceral.

after the reform and opening up

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Anqing City, Anhui Province, as of 2012, has been held for the sixth Huangmei Art Festival, played a certain effect [1] [2] [3] . Huangmei Opera Art Festival, the fifth China from October 30 to November 1 in 2009, held in Anqing [4], the current Huangmei Art Festival, organized by the Chinese Ministry of Culture, the People’s Government of Anhui Province, the Chinese Dramatists Association, Anhui Provincial Department of Culture, Radio and Television Bureau of Anhui Province, Anqing Municipal People’s Government contractors. In addition to the launch of Anhui Province, both inside and outside of 16 the Huangmei new drama Arts Festival, also held a series of other activities, such as co-produced by China Central Television and Anqing television documentary «Huangmei (aka» drama the Huangmei «)» premiered and issuing ceremony [5] [6] [7] . The afternoon of October 30, 2009 Anhui Chinese huangmei Museum also Anqing completed the opening of the museum building area of 4,000 square meters, Chen exhibition area of 1,800 square meters, with a total investment of 85 million yuan, the basic display Huangmei course of development of the main line. The first play for the National Theatre Museum [8] .

Reform and Innovation

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In recent years, with other traditional forms of drama, and the Huangmei also the development also faces a severe test. In this context, the the Huangmei people on the basis of the tradition, try to carry out reform and innovation. The to New huangmei " Huizhou Woman " [9] is the pioneer and representative. The play is led by the Anqing City, Huangmei group creation, the famous the Huangmei performing artists Han Fen , Huang Xinde starring the director Chen Xinyi, Liu Cheng, screenwriter, Chen Xinyi, Cao Qijing. Hefei debut in June 1999, the play belongs in the traditional local drama innovative attempt earlier, earlier in the famous «youth version of» The Peony Pavilion . With significant innovation compared to traditional Huangmei, went to many performances [10] [11] [12], and to participate in a series of performances of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, a major cultural activities for the drama [13] [14], caused a warmly and [15] . Since then, a number of newly Huangmei succession creation, such as «Thunderstorm», "six feet Lane, " Motherhood ".

famous people

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Yan Fengying , Wang Shaofang , Huang Zongyi , Zhou Shan , Huang Xinde , Zhang Hui , Malan , South Korea Zaifen off Tsang , Liu Qiuping , Pan Jingli , Wu Qiong , Limbo

Sang arc Crown of Asia Kim Ji: major works according to the traditional repertoire adapted creative «to discuss school money», «playing Barred Plymouth Rock», the "Ropa mind, " Liu Ming-chuan, Merchants Hu ". [16] [17]

When Bai Lin [18]

The famous huangmei Huangmei Opera Theatre of Anhui Province , Anqing City, Huangmei theater , Hubei Province Huangmei theater troupe have

Huangmei the the third undergraduate education operas. [19] Currently, Anqing Teachers College the Huangmei performances undergraduate.

  • ^ Zhejiang Online: Fourth China Anqing Huangmei Art Festival was held
  • ^ People’s Daily: Huangmei Opera Art Festival was the first festival in China Award "best cultural heritage award
  • ^ People’s Daily: Sixth China (Anqing) Huangmei Arts Festival grand opening
  • ^ Fifth Huangmei Art Festival official website
  • ^ Ministry of Culture of the People’s Republic of China website reported
  • ^ The Anqing television documentary «the Huangmei» column
  • ^ CCTV drama Huangmei "column
  • ^ News: China’s first national theater museum completed in Anqing
  • ^ The Huangmei «Huizhou Woman» wonderful stills
  • ^ People’s Daily: Huangmei Opera Art Festival was the first festival in China Award "best cultural heritage award
  • ^ People’s Daily: Sixth China (Anqing) Huangmei Arts Festival grand opening
  • ^ Fifth Huangmei Art Festival official website
  • ^ Ministry of Culture of the People’s Republic of China website reported
  • ^ The Anqing television documentary «the Huangmei» column
  • ^ CCTV drama Huangmei "column
  • ^ News: China’s first national theater museum completed in Anqing
  • ^ The Huangmei «Huizhou Woman» wonderful stills
  • ^ «Huangmei Queen» Han Zaifen July starring tour to Zhuhai
  • ^ Macau Cultural Centre: Huizhou woman performances
  • ^ Taiwan established newspaper: Anhui Culture Week performances sung classic Huangmei
  • ^ The Anqing News: National excellent plays Xianyan Olympics «Huizhou Woman» by the blitz
  • ^ People’s Daily: He Guoqiang watch Huizhou woman "performances
  • ^ Guangming Daily: "Huizhou woman staged 100 games Inspiration
  • ^ The famous playwright gold Chi’s death — China Network
  • Mr. Jin Zhi ^ playwright’s death — Xinhua
  • ^ The Huangmei the composer Bai Lin
  • ^ The Huangmei cost-Division professional performing arts — Guangming Daily
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